Upgrade `jest` and all related dependencies to latest 29.x

[cee-chen]

We're streets behind and should probably grab the latest Jest version(s). List of dependencies that will need upgrading:

• jest
• jest-cli
• @types/jest
• babel-jest
• eslint-plugin-jest

This PR was not grabbed as part of https://github.com/elastic/eui/issues/6652 as I believe @tkajtoch has some in-progress Jest upgrade work as part of the React 18 upgrade (https://github.com/elastic/eui/issues/6182).

[cee-chen]

@tkajtoch Pinging for config changes

[github-actions[bot]]

👋 Hi there - this issue hasn't had any activity in 6 months. If the EUI team has not explicitly expressed that this is something on our roadmap, it's unlikely that we'll pick this issue up. We would sincerely appreciate a PR/community contribution if this is something that matters to you! If not, and there is no further activity on this issue for another 6 months (i.e. it's stale for over a year), the issue will be auto-closed.