POSIX wrapper for pthreads

[FerdinandSpitzschnueffler]

Brief feature description

We need a POSIX wrapper for pthreads to get rid of exceptions and undefined behavior. For posix platforms the wrapper shall support:

• Set stack address
  • https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_attr_setstack.3.html
  • consider suggestions in #1400
• Setting scheduler priority
  • https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_setschedprio.3.html
• Set CPU affinity
  • https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_setaffinity_np.3.html
• Set stack size
  • See, https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_attr_setstack.3.html
  • https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_attr_setstacksize.3.html
• The destructor shall call join by default, see std::jthread https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/thread/jthread
• Explicit thread termination:
  • https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_exit.3.html

Optionally, it would be awesome when it supports

• https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_equal.3.html
• https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_self.3.html
• Set the scheduler
  • https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_attr_setschedparam.3.html
• Set contention scope:
  • https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_attr_setscope.3.html
• Set cleanup handlers
  • https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/pthread_cleanup_push.3.html

Tasks

• [x] implement Thread class with minimal functionality needed for current code base
• [x] make it work on Windows and Mac
• [ ] replace all std::thread occurrences
• [ ] implement must have features
• [ ] add awesome optional features

Design considerations

• pass an optional to create method
  • current state
  • https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx/pull/1400#discussion_r903375242
• or separate handle and storage
  • proposed API: https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx/pull/1400#discussion_r899220308
  • optional: potential to forget reset on an early return, https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx/pull/1400#discussion_r898375219
  • https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx/pull/1400#discussion_r906079855
• callable with generic signature?
  • can be achieved with a lambda capturing the needed arguments in the current implementation
  • see also https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx/pull/1400#discussion_r899256494
• movable threads?
  • https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx/pull/1400#discussion_r898890414
  • easier if thread handle and storage are separated

[elBoberido]

@FerdinandSpitzschnueffler since we cannot use the heap I think setting the stack address is more of a must have than a nice to have.