[21358] Increase the warning level for Ubuntu CI's compilation

[tempate]

Description

The compilation in Windows is usually more restrictive than the compilation in Ubuntu. This is in part because the compilation warning-flags in Windows and Ubuntu are different.

• Windows: -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="/WX /MP"
• Ubuntu: -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-Werror -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wunused-value -Woverloaded-virtual"

The problem with Windows being more restrictive than Ubuntu is that many errors cannot be found and solved until the CI runs on Windows, which usually takes a long time. To find and solve errors faster, we have included the following compilation warning-flags to Ubuntu's CI:

• -Wsign-compare
• -Wcast-align
• -Wlogical-op
• -Wduplicated-cond
• -Wrestrict
• -Wnull-dereference
• -Wpointer-arith
• -Wwrite-strings
• -Wunreachable-code

According to ChatGPT, the following flags should be added to make Ubuntu's CI as restrictive as Window's:

• -Wconversion
• -Wshadow
• -Wsign-conversion
• -Wold-style-cast
• -Wuseless-cast
• -Wformat=2
• -Wmissing-include-dirs
• -Wredundant-decls
• -Wstrict-overflow=5
• -Wswitch-enum
• -Wdouble-promotion
• -Wduplicated-branches

According to StackOverflow, the following flags could also be useful:

• -Wfloat-equal
• -Wundef
• -Waggregate-return
• -Wcast-qual
• -Wswitch-default
• -Wstrict-prototypes

Both ChatGPT's and StackOverflow's suggestions are left out from this first attempt.

Contributor Checklist

• [x] Commit messages follow the project guidelines.
• N/A The code follows the style guidelines of this project.
• N/A Tests that thoroughly check the new feature have been added/Regression tests checking the bug and its fix have been added; the added tests pass locally
• N/A Any new/modified methods have been properly documented using Doxygen.
• N/A Any new configuration API has an equivalent XML API (with the corresponding XSD extension)
• [x] Changes are backport compatible: they do NOT break ABI nor change library core behavior.
• [x] Changes are API compatible.
• [ ] New feature has been added to the versions.md file (if applicable).
• [ ] New feature has been documented/Current behavior is correctly described in the documentation.
• [ ] Applicable backports have been included in the description.

Reviewer Checklist

• [ ] The PR has a milestone assigned.
• [ ] The title and description correctly express the PR's purpose.
• [ ] Check contributor checklist is correct.
• [ ] If this is a critical bug fix, backports to the critical-only supported branches have been requested.
• [ ] Check CI results: changes do not issue any warning.
• [ ] Check CI results: failing tests are unrelated with the changes.