Run all Linux builds on Azure Linux 3.0

[lbussell]

All Linux builds should run on Azure Linux 3. This has been an ongoing effort for some time, but there was no overall tracking issue for this.

• [ ] Linux Amd64
  • [ ] Public pipelines - https://github.com/dotnet/docker-tools/pull/1936
    • Currently uses Microsoft-hosted image ubuntu-latest (source)
    • Waiting on internal image to be ported to public - status is in this internal Teams thread.
  • [x] https://github.com/dotnet/docker-tools/pull/1895
    • ~~Currently uses NetCore1ESPool-Internal image 1es-ubuntu-2204 (source)~~
    • ~~Blocked on https://github.com/dotnet/dnceng/issues/6029~~
• [ ] Linux Arm64
  • [ ] Public pipelines - https://github.com/dotnet/docker-tools/pull/1920
    • Currently uses Docker-Linux-Arm-Public image Mariner-2-Docker-ARM64 (source)
    • Blocked on azdo#8766
  • [ ] Internal pipelines
    • Currently uses Docker-Linux-Arm-Internal image Mariner-2-Docker-ARM64 (source)
    • ~~Blocked on azdo#8474 (completed) (moved from https://github.com/dotnet/dnceng/issues/6024)~~