Add support for Alpine 3.18

[rbhanda]

This issue is created to track progress for the work to enable Alpine 3.18 support for .NET 6.0 and .NET 7.0

Product and Test updates

• [ ] [All teams] Do a compatibility check for the product with the new OS
• [x] [CoreCLR/CoreFX] Runtime / RID Support update https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/pull/86284 https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/pull/86280
• [ ] [Infra] Ensure that the correct Docker images used by teams are built in the dotnet-buildtools-prereqs (if applicable)
• [ ] [Infra] Replace docker tags used in builds across repos and branches
• [ ] [CLI team] Update CI legs to latest updated Dockerfile
• [ ] [All teams] Update test infrastructure to support the new version
• [ ] [Acquisition] Add support within nightly repos
• [ ] [Acquisition] Deploy to master (GA) during next patch release cycle

Release team:

• [x] Notify .NET Core teams regarding new OS release
• [ ] Update the supported OS content on GitHub and marketing sites.

Document updates:

• [ ] Add OS prerequisites to the dependencies document
• [ ] Update distro install page

[rbhanda]

https://github.com/dotnet/runtime/pull/86284