Statistical anomalies in Russian elections

Raw election data for all Russian federal elections from 2000 to 2020 can be found in data/. Data scraped by Sergey Shpilkin.

Literature:

• Kobak, D., Shpilkin, S., & Pshenichnikov, M. S. (2016). Integer percentages as electoral falsification fingerprints. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 10(1), 54--73.
• Kobak, D., Shpilkin, S., & Pshenichnikov, M. S. (2016). Statistical fingerprints of electoral fraud? Significance, 13(4), 20--23.
• Kobak, D., Shpilkin, S., & Pshenichnikov, M. S. (2018). Putin's peaks: Russian election data revisited. Significance, 15(3), 8--9.
• Kobak, D., Shpilkin, S., & Pshenichnikov, M. S. (2020). Suspect peaks in Russia's “referendum” results. Significance, 17(5), 8--9.

Analysis for the Significance 2018 paper is available in significance2018/elections2018.ipynb.

Analysis for the Significance 2020 paper is available in significance2020/referendum2020.ipynb.

Analysis for the 2018 Meduza article with criticism of Kirill Kalinin's and Walter Mebane's work is available in meduza2018/meduza.ipynb.