feat: [UTP-242] [v3] Make subnet replica version of latest block available to execution environment

[michael-weigelt]

This is an alternative to https://github.com/dfinity/ic/pull/2248 and https://github.com/dfinity/ic/pull/2082

This PR passes the running replica version to the execution environment, from where it can be used in a future management canister call.: https://github.com/dfinity/ic/pull/2202