Support Cpp (Ubuntu-24.04)

[samruddhikhandale]

Depends on https://github.com/devcontainers/images/issues/1016

• [ ] Open a PR
• [ ] Create a release
• [ ] Update templates (if necessary)
• [ ] Update https://github.com/devcontainers/images/issues/90
• [ ] Update Microsoft Artifact Registry docs

[BurningEnlightenment]

You probably mean Ubuntu-24.04 and not Ubuntu-22.04, right?

[samruddhikhandale]

Released mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/cpp:noble 🎉

@gauravsaini04 Can you update Templates and MCR docs for cpp:noble as well? Thanks!

[gauravsaini04]

Have raised PR #47456 for MCR Docs & PR #256 for templates

MCR Docs PR got merged while templates PR in code review (tests appear to be passing now)