chore: upgrade protoc used in CI

[hamidzr]

Description

protoc was upgraded a while back and the new version is not compatible with the old. make -C proto check started fails locally when using the new version. This updates CI to use a newer version (24) https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases

Test Plan

Commentary (optional)

Checklist

• [ ] Changes have been manually QA'd
• [ ] User-facing API changes need the "User-facing API Change" label.
• [ ] Release notes should be added as a separate file under docs/release-notes/. See Release Note for details.
• [ ] Licenses should be included for new code which was copied and/or modified from any external code.

Ticket

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[dzhu]

Will this require everyone to upgrade their local version?

[hamidzr]

Will this require everyone to upgrade their local version?

yes. We had a talk about this in the backend team around when it's okay to require dependency upgrades and the consensus was that as long as it's communicated we're good with it and we didn't go into more details. What do you think

[hamidzr]

I want to update https://github.com/determined-ai/determined/blob/ed7a283fccbdf56f8156686fc224183298c29e40/CONTRIBUTING.md#L58 but I haven't been able to pin down which specific version introduces the material change.

[hamidzr]

@varlogtim had set a cutoff here at >v22 so maybe we could expand it to that but since we're testing 24.3 with the ci and it's been out for a while let's just go for that? https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/tag/v24.3

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 44.70%. Comparing base (9f6bbc9) to head (aaae2e1).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #7935   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   44.70%   44.70%           
=======================================
  Files        1270     1270           
  Lines      155132   155132           
  Branches     2437     2437           
=======================================
+ Hits        69351    69352    +1     
+ Misses      85545    85544    -1     
  Partials      236      236           

Flag	Coverage Δ
backend	41.57% <ø> (+<0.01%)	:arrow_up:
harness	64.31% <ø> (ø)
web	35.23% <ø> (ø)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

see 2 files with indirect coverage changes

[hamidzr]

makes sense to wait for the unforking to happen before landing this