Migrate from `parser` to `prism`

[JamieMagee]

Code improvement description

As part of the upgrade to Ruby 3.4^1, we started seeing the following warning being printed to the console:

warning: parser/current is loading parser/ruby34, which recognizes 3.4.0-dev-compliant syntax, but you are running 3.4.4.

Unfortunately, parser is no longer being updated for Ruby 3.4+ syntax. Whenever we want to upgrade to Ruby 3.5, we'll need to migrate to something like prism

[chrisyuska]

@JamieMagee, I opened #12405 as a start toward migrating to Prism, but replacing Parser's TreeRewriter class will require additional work since Prism doesn't appear to have a built-in replacement for it at the moment.