[ENH] Add support for `DESCRIBE [TABLE]`

[charlesbluca]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe. I'm working on plugging the server into Metabase with https://github.com/dask-contrib/dask-sql/pull/1063 and one of the queries received to poll the metadata of a table is:

DESCRIBE "dask_sql"."root"."df"

Additionally, some of the examples in the "Metadata Information" section of our feature overview notebook imply that this was once supported with the Calcite parser.

Currently, running this command gives a parsing exception:

ParsingException: Plan("SHOW [VARIABLE] is not supported unless information_schema is enabled")

Describe the solution you'd like Support added for DESCRIBE [TABLE], preferably with handling for an optional catalog name so that it can be used by Metabase to populate its data view.