doc: document Go version policy
Per the release notes for v0.4.1-beta.6:
As we near the halfway point to go1.18, go1.15 has been removed from the build matrix. The project's policy for previous versions of Go will be formalized in the near future, but is likely to be that each major Go release is supported until there are two newer major releases, with a 3 month grace period following the release of a new major version (3 months being half a 6-month release cycle) before support for the oldest version is dropped.
Current approach seems okay.
Would be good to know if any of our users are dependent on older Go versions, though.
Closing in favor of https://github.com/cue-lang/cue/discussions/1937, where we're asking our users about our Go support policy.