target multiple compiler versions and standards in ci

[cthulhu-irl]

Description

CI only checks against default compiler installed in ubuntu 20 and default msvc compiler on windows image provided on github actions, only against C++20. This is far from wide range of options in real world. There are problems like indirect inclusions with different versions of standard library provided by gcc.

It is best to have CI build and test against much more variety and combinations of compilers (different gcc, clang, and msvc/VisualStudio versions) and standards (C++20 and C++23).

Goals

• support wide variety of users.

Definition of Done

• have a list of compilers and versions to target
• have a list of standards to target
• CI to build and test against combinations of the target compilers and standards