refactor!: (partially) Decouple cometbft/crypto deps

[raynaudoe]

Description

This PR contributes to solve the following issues:

• https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/17425
• https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/7357

Most imports made from cometbft/cometbft/crypto were removed and replaced with the (same) code in the new cosmos/cripto repo.

Important: go.mod points to a commit instead to a release of such repo (TODO after this PR's review)

Changes made:

• replaced imports from cometbft/crypto to cosmos/crypto.
• New PubKey and PrivKey interfaces design:
  • Base interfaces are now defined here
  • Sdk types are just those types composed with proto.Message
  • Removed LedgerPrivKey type.
• All sha256 related ops are now imported from cosmos/crypto/hash/sha256
• Random ops were moved to cosmos/crypto/random
• Deleted code from the sdk that now lives in cosmos/crypto

TODO (for subsequent PRs):

• Move curves (both defined in sdk and the ones imported from cometbft's) to cosmos/crypto/curves
• Abstract out code in cosmos-sdk/crypto/codec from cometbft's types

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Summary by CodeRabbit

• New Features

  • Updated keyring interface for enhanced consistency in cryptographic operations.
  • Added SHA-256 hashing capabilities for improved transaction integrity.

• Bug Fixes

  • Improved hashing functions for better security in signing and verification processes.

• Dependencies

  • Added new dependencies on github.com/cosmos/crypto to enhance cryptographic functionalities.

• Chores

  • Refactored import statements to align with updated packages and improved code readability.