feat(bump_rule): add BumpRule, VersionIncrement, Prerelease Enum

[bearomorphism]

Related issue: #129 Original PR: #1431

Description

Please see bump_rule.py, bump.py, cz/base.py, version_scheme.py and commands/bump.py (~350 lines). The rest 1000+ lines are just tests and renaming.

• Rewrote the bump pattern matching mechanism to make the algorithm more strict and maintainable.
• Maintained backward compatibility with CustomBumpRule.
• ~~Simplified code.~~
• Added a new Enum class SemVerIncrement and replace MAJOR, MINOR, PATCH with the Enum.
• Now Prerelease is Enum.
• Simplify find_increment logic in SemVerIncrement.get_highest_by_messages.
  • find_increment was the combination of 2 features: "finding the highest semantic version increment" and "parsing the semantic version increment from each git commit message".

Checklist

• [x] I have read the contributing guidelines

Code Changes

• [x] Add test cases to all the changes you introduce
• [x] Run poetry all locally to ensure this change passes linter check and tests
• [ ] Manually test the changes:
  • [ ] Verify the feature/bug fix works as expected in real-world scenarios
  • [ ] Test edge cases and error conditions
  • [x] Ensure backward compatibility is maintained
  • [ ] Document any manual testing steps performed
• [x] Update the documentation for the changes

Documentation Changes

• [x] Run poetry doc locally to ensure the documentation pages renders correctly

Expected Behavior

Steps to Test This Pull Request

Additional Context

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

:white_check_mark: All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests. :white_check_mark: Project coverage is 98.71%. Comparing base (120d514) to head (9644e1a). :warning: Report is 842 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1518      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   97.33%   98.71%   +1.37%     
==========================================
  Files          42       61      +19     
  Lines        2104     2722     +618     
==========================================
+ Hits         2048     2687     +639     
+ Misses         56       35      -21     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	98.71% <100.00%> (+1.37%)	:arrow_up:

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[bearomorphism]

Can we do squash rebase on this PR when it is ready for merge?

[Lee-W]

Can we do squash rebase on this PR when it is ready for merge?

yep, I can do that

[bearomorphism]

What are the next steps for this PR? If there are backward compatibility issues, I can adjust it so that this PR can be checked in. Thanks

[bearomorphism]

We can get back to this PR after #1598

[bearomorphism]

@Lee-W It would be great if we can complete this big PR. I can fix those backward-compatibility issues, but I need more details so I can address the issues.

[bearomorphism]

(I've resolved merge conflicts for several times for this PR)

[Lee-W]

This would fall into 4.11.0. Let's foucs on merging the non-features PRs first and then get back to this one.