add more test runners for newer Python versions

[haakonvt]

Adds testing for 3.12. Also:

• makes the SDK Py 3.12 compatible by setting specific minimum versions for packages.
• removes testing on push to master. With our repo setting to require up-to-date branches, this is just duplicating tests that already are greenlit.

Note:

• Py 3.9 and 3.10 are skipped due to both requiring (the same) substantial refactor/extension of the fake cognite resource generator class.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 50.39%. Comparing base (e3615bb) to head (1d8a725).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1755       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   92.98%   50.39%   -42.60%     
===========================================
  Files         121      119        -2     
  Lines       17556    17512       -44     
===========================================
- Hits        16325     8825     -7500     
- Misses       1231     8687     +7456     

Files	Coverage Δ
cognite/client/data_classes/capabilities.py	13.28% <100.00%> (-84.06%)	:arrow_down:

... and 116 files with indirect coverage changes