timeouts: Redesign and unify timeouts

[kosstennbl]

Description

Add common function to run a code block with a timeout. Add several global timeouts for different tasks, which can be configured via environment variables. Several small fixes and refactoring.

Issues:

Refs: #335

How has this been tested:

build, test functionality on increase_decrease_capacity test.

Types of changes:

Bug-fix, redesign

Checklist:

Documentation No updates required, ENV variables names could be added somewhere, but the documentation doesn't keep these.

Issue

• [ ] Tasks in issue are checked off