Configurable retention period for various caches / artifacts

[anarazel]

When using caches (via cache instructions or http cache) for tasks like caching build data (using ccache etc) the default retention period of 90 days will often be too high - the input of the cache will typically change more often than that. Some other artifacts also won't benefit from being available for 90 days.

Some other output however can benefit from being around longer and currently seems to be removed due to cache size limits, crowded out be the above shorter lived caches.

See also https://github.com/cirruslabs/cirrus-ci-docs/discussions/986

[JeremyRand]

+1, this would be helpful for me as well.