Distribution constant 15.x fixes

[ramereth]

Description

Various changes were made in 15.x which broke many of our users due to some static linking to various paths. This PR works around much of this by using constants where it makes sense. Please let me know if you want me to refactor how I implement any of those. This also provides a fix for our users when migrating from 14.x to 15.x.

Issues Resolved

[List any existing issues this PR resolves, or any Discourse or StackOverflow discussions that are relevant]

Check List

• [ ] New functionality includes tests
• [ ] All buildkite tests pass
• [ ] Full omnibus build and tests in buildkite pass
• [ ] All commits have been signed-off for the Developer Certificate of Origin. See https://github.com/chef/chef/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#developer-certification-of-origin-dco
• [ ] PR title is a worthy inclusion in the CHANGELOG

[netlify[bot]]

👷 Deploy Preview for chef-server processing.

Name	Link
🔨 Latest commit	33e2bb317349962e1566bd343159fda36eaaa92c
🔍 Latest deploy log	https://app.netlify.com/sites/chef-server/deploys/630d030cf8f72600089c0ad2

[sonarqubecloud[bot]]

Kudos, SonarCloud Quality Gate passed!   

0 Bugs
0 Vulnerabilities
0 Security Hotspots
0 Code Smells

No Coverage information
2.8% Duplication

[marcparadise]

Thanks @ramereth. These changes look good, but we'll need to run this through our omnibus builds/test pipelines, which means creating an in-repo branch from these changes. We'll get that going this week.

[lbakerchef]

Looks okay, will need to be tested.

[lbakerchef]

See https://github.com/chef/chef-server/pull/3471