das: Improve error handling of failed `catchUp` routine

[renaynay]

Right now, the catchUp routine logs an error and returns completely out of the catchUpManager, preventing the DASer from continuing to DAS past headers. In order to be able to DAS past headers again, the user would need to restart the node. For now, we log this as an instruction, but we need to have some sort of logic that will handle this error for the user.

Solutions could include some retry logic and potentially the graceful shutdown of DASer and subsequently node.

cc @Wondertan

[Bidon15]

Revisit on the next grooming session after #483 is done Now we can get stuck in rebase issues if done in parallel

[Bidon15]

Grooming 16/11/2022:

Closing as we have completely redone the implementation of DASer