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Functional languages index
Functional languages
There is no such thing as a functional language.
You can write functionally in any language.
Also, different languages have different functional features.
Functional features
| Feature | C | C++ | Haskell | Idris | Java | OCaml | Python | Rust | Scala |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closures | :x: | :warning: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :warning: | :heavy_check_mark: | |
| Downwards Funarg Problem | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Functions | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Guaranteed Tail Call Optimization | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :warning: | ||||
| Lambda Abstraction Syntax | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :warning: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Pure Functions | :x: | :warning: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: |
| Upwards Funarg Problem | :x: | :warning: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
Supporting features
| Feature | C | C++ | Haskell | Idris | Java | OCaml | Python | Rust | Scala |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ad Hoc Polymorphism | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | |
| Algebraic Data Types | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | |
| Dependent Types | :x: | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: | |
| Forces Immutability | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :warning: | |
| Immutable Data | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | |
| Laziness By Default | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: | |
| Parametric Modules | :x: | :x: | :warning: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | |
| Parametric Polymorphism | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | |
| Pattern Matching | :warning: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :warning: | :warning: | :heavy_check_mark: | ||
| Pattern Matching Alternatives | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | ||||
| Pattern Matching Variable Introduction | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | ||||
| Polymorphic Recursion | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :warning: | :heavy_check_mark: | |
| Referential Transparency | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | ||||||
| Row Polymorphism | :x: | :x: | :warning: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | |||
| Static Typing | :warning: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :heavy_check_mark: |
| Totality Checking | :x: | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: | |
| Uniqueness Types | :x: | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | |
| Universe Polymorphism | :x: | :x: | :x: | :heavy_check_mark: | :x: | :x: | :x: | :x: |
Scores
A well implemented feature counts as 1, a hard-to-use one counts as 0.5. Supporting featurues count twice less.
| Language | Score |
|---|---|
| Idris | 15.0 |
| Haskell | 13.5 |
| OCaml | 11.5 |
| Scala | 10.75 |
| Rust | 9.25 |
| Python | 7.0 |
| C++ | 6.75 |
| Java | 5.0 |
| C | 2.25 |
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