TornadoVM
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Published
20 hours ago •
beehive-lab
beehive-lab
[TensorAPI] Add initial support for TensorQ8 and TensorQ4 to support quantization and dequantization of Floats
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Description
NO CODE GEN SUPPORT
This PR adds support for Q8 and Q4 tensor quantization in TornadoVM. The implementation includes:
- A new TensorQ8 class that implements 8-bit quantization with float16 scales
- A new TensorQ4 class that implements 4-bit quantization with float16 scales
- Block-based quantization where each block has its own scale factor
- Comprehensive test suite validating quantization accuracy and behavior
- Memory-efficient storage using native memory segments
- Support for both positive and negative values with proper scaling
The implementation shows good accuracy with relative errors typically below 1% for medium to large values and good preservation of small values.
Problem description
N/A - This is a feature addition to support 8-bit quantized tensors which are essential for efficient deep learning model deployment.
Backend/s tested
Mark the backends affected by this PR.
- [ ] OpenCL
- [ ] PTX
- [ ] SPIRV
OS tested
Mark the OS where this PR is tested.
- [x] Linux
- [ ] OSx
- [ ] Windows
Did you check on FPGAs?
If it is applicable, check your changes on FPGAs.
- [ ] Yes
- [x] No
How to test the new patch?
tornado-test -V uk.ac.manchester.tornado.unittests.tensors.TestTensorQ8
Expected output:
Segment size for storing single value 34
Total elements: 32
Block size: 32
Total allocated bytes: 34
Index 0: Set=0.50 Retrieved=0.50
Index 1: Set=-1.00 Retrieved=-1.00
Index 2: Set=25.00 Retrieved=25.01
Index 3: Set=-30.50 Retrieved=-30.49
Index 4: Set=0.00 Retrieved=0.00
Index 5: Set=0.50 Retrieved=0.48
Index 6: Set=-1.00 Retrieved=-0.96
Index 7: Set=25.00 Retrieved=24.97
Index 8: Set=-30.50 Retrieved=-30.49
Index 9: Set=0.00 Retrieved=0.00
Index 10: Set=0.50 Retrieved=0.48
Index 11: Set=-1.00 Retrieved=-0.96
Index 12: Set=25.00 Retrieved=24.97
Index 13: Set=-30.50 Retrieved=-30.49
Index 14: Set=0.00 Retrieved=0.00
Index 15: Set=0.50 Retrieved=0.48
Index 16: Set=-1.00 Retrieved=-0.96
Index 17: Set=25.00 Retrieved=24.97
Index 18: Set=-30.50 Retrieved=-30.49
Index 19: Set=0.00 Retrieved=0.00
Index 20: Set=0.50 Retrieved=0.48
Index 21: Set=-1.00 Retrieved=-0.96
Index 22: Set=25.00 Retrieved=24.97
Index 23: Set=-30.50 Retrieved=-30.49
Index 24: Set=0.00 Retrieved=0.00
Index 25: Set=0.50 Retrieved=0.48
Index 26: Set=-1.00 Retrieved=-0.96
Index 27: Set=25.00 Retrieved=24.97
Index 28: Set=-30.50 Retrieved=-30.49
Index 29: Set=0.00 Retrieved=0.00
Index 30: Set=0.50 Retrieved=0.48
Index 31: Set=-1.00 Retrieved=-0.96
INT8 boundary test: Setting -128.0, got -128.0
INT8 boundary test: Setting -127.0, got -127.0
INT8 boundary test: Setting -64.0, got -64.5
INT8 boundary test: Setting 0.0, got 0.0
INT8 boundary test: Setting 63.0, got 63.5
INT8 boundary test: Setting 126.0, got 126.0
INT8 boundary test: Setting 127.0, got 127.0
Testing independent blocks with different scales:
Block 1 - Small values:
Index 0: Set=0.100000 Got=0.099982 Diff=0.000018
Index 1: Set=0.128125 Got=0.128141 Diff=0.000016
Index 2: Set=0.156250 Got=0.156240 Diff=0.000010
Index 3: Set=0.184375 Got=0.184340 Diff=0.000035
Index 4: Set=0.212500 Got=0.212560 Diff=0.000060
Index 5: Set=0.240625 Got=0.240659 Diff=0.000034
Index 6: Set=0.268750 Got=0.268637 Diff=0.000113
Index 7: Set=0.296875 Got=0.296978 Diff=0.000103
Index 8: Set=0.325000 Got=0.325077 Diff=0.000077
Index 9: Set=0.353125 Got=0.353176 Diff=0.000051
Index 10: Set=0.381250 Got=0.381275 Diff=0.000025
Index 11: Set=0.409375 Got=0.409374 Diff=0.000001
Index 12: Set=0.437500 Got=0.437473 Diff=0.000027
Index 13: Set=0.465625 Got=0.465572 Diff=0.000053
Index 14: Set=0.493750 Got=0.493671 Diff=0.000079
Index 15: Set=0.521875 Got=0.521770 Diff=0.000105
Index 16: Set=0.550000 Got=0.549870 Diff=0.000130
Index 17: Set=0.578125 Got=0.577969 Diff=0.000156
Index 18: Set=0.606250 Got=0.606068 Diff=0.000182
Index 19: Set=0.634375 Got=0.634167 Diff=0.000208
Index 20: Set=0.662500 Got=0.662266 Diff=0.000234
Index 21: Set=0.690625 Got=0.690849 Diff=0.000224
Index 22: Set=0.718750 Got=0.718948 Diff=0.000198
Index 23: Set=0.746875 Got=0.747047 Diff=0.000172
Index 24: Set=0.775000 Got=0.775146 Diff=0.000147
Index 25: Set=0.803125 Got=0.803246 Diff=0.000121
Index 26: Set=0.831250 Got=0.831345 Diff=0.000095
Index 27: Set=0.859375 Got=0.859444 Diff=0.000069
Index 28: Set=0.887500 Got=0.887543 Diff=0.000043
Index 29: Set=0.915625 Got=0.915642 Diff=0.000017
Index 30: Set=0.943750 Got=0.943741 Diff=0.000009
Index 31: Set=0.971875 Got=0.971840 Diff=0.000035
Block 2 - Medium values:
Index 0: Set=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 1: Set=10.312500 Got=10.309448 Diff=0.003052
Index 2: Set=10.625000 Got=10.627258 Diff=0.002258
Index 3: Set=10.937500 Got=10.937317 Diff=0.000183
Index 4: Set=11.250000 Got=11.247375 Diff=0.002625
Index 5: Set=11.562500 Got=11.565186 Diff=0.002686
Index 6: Set=11.875000 Got=11.875244 Diff=0.000244
Index 7: Set=12.187500 Got=12.185303 Diff=0.002197
Index 8: Set=12.500000 Got=12.503113 Diff=0.003113
Index 9: Set=12.812500 Got=12.813171 Diff=0.000671
Index 10: Set=13.125000 Got=13.123230 Diff=0.001770
Index 11: Set=13.437500 Got=13.441040 Diff=0.003540
Index 12: Set=13.750000 Got=13.751099 Diff=0.001099
Index 13: Set=14.062500 Got=14.061157 Diff=0.001343
Index 14: Set=14.375000 Got=14.371216 Diff=0.003784
Index 15: Set=14.687500 Got=14.689026 Diff=0.001526
Index 16: Set=15.000000 Got=14.999084 Diff=0.000916
Index 17: Set=15.312500 Got=15.309143 Diff=0.003357
Index 18: Set=15.625000 Got=15.626953 Diff=0.001953
Index 19: Set=15.937500 Got=15.937012 Diff=0.000488
Index 20: Set=16.250000 Got=16.247070 Diff=0.002930
Index 21: Set=16.562500 Got=16.557129 Diff=0.005371
Index 22: Set=16.875000 Got=16.882690 Diff=0.007690
Index 23: Set=17.187500 Got=17.192749 Diff=0.005249
Index 24: Set=17.500000 Got=17.502808 Diff=0.002808
Index 25: Set=17.812500 Got=17.812866 Diff=0.000366
Index 26: Set=18.125000 Got=18.122925 Diff=0.002075
Index 27: Set=18.437500 Got=18.432983 Diff=0.004517
Index 28: Set=18.750000 Got=18.743042 Diff=0.006958
Index 29: Set=19.062500 Got=19.068604 Diff=0.006104
Index 30: Set=19.375000 Got=19.378662 Diff=0.003662
Index 31: Set=19.687500 Got=19.688721 Diff=0.001221
Block 3 - Large values:
Index 0: Set=100.000000 Got=100.024902 Diff=0.024902
Index 1: Set=103.125000 Got=103.125488 Diff=0.000488
Index 2: Set=106.250000 Got=106.226074 Diff=0.023926
Index 3: Set=109.375000 Got=109.388672 Diff=0.013672
Index 4: Set=112.500000 Got=112.489258 Diff=0.010742
Index 5: Set=115.625000 Got=115.651855 Diff=0.026855
Index 6: Set=118.750000 Got=118.752441 Diff=0.002441
Index 7: Set=121.875000 Got=121.853027 Diff=0.021973
Index 8: Set=125.000000 Got=125.015625 Diff=0.015625
Index 9: Set=128.125000 Got=128.116211 Diff=0.008789
Index 10: Set=131.250000 Got=131.216797 Diff=0.033203
Index 11: Set=134.375000 Got=134.317383 Diff=0.057617
Index 12: Set=137.500000 Got=137.541992 Diff=0.041992
Index 13: Set=140.625000 Got=140.642578 Diff=0.017578
Index 14: Set=143.750000 Got=143.743164 Diff=0.006836
Index 15: Set=146.875000 Got=146.843750 Diff=0.031250
Index 16: Set=150.000000 Got=149.944336 Diff=0.055664
Index 17: Set=153.125000 Got=153.168945 Diff=0.043945
Index 18: Set=156.250000 Got=156.269531 Diff=0.019531
Index 19: Set=159.375000 Got=159.370117 Diff=0.004883
Index 20: Set=162.500000 Got=162.470703 Diff=0.029297
Index 21: Set=165.625000 Got=165.571289 Diff=0.053711
Index 22: Set=168.750000 Got=168.795898 Diff=0.045898
Index 23: Set=171.875000 Got=171.896484 Diff=0.021484
Index 24: Set=175.000000 Got=174.997070 Diff=0.002930
Index 25: Set=178.125000 Got=178.097656 Diff=0.027344
Index 26: Set=181.250000 Got=181.198242 Diff=0.051758
Index 27: Set=184.375000 Got=184.422852 Diff=0.047852
Index 28: Set=187.500000 Got=187.523438 Diff=0.023438
Index 29: Set=190.625000 Got=190.624023 Diff=0.000977
Index 30: Set=193.750000 Got=193.724609 Diff=0.025391
Index 31: Set=196.875000 Got=196.825195 Diff=0.049805
Verifying accuracy for each block:
Block 0 stats:
Value range: 0.107132 to 0.971840
Max absolute difference: 0.011900
Max relative error: 7.131957%
Block 1 stats:
Value range: 10.231934 to 19.688721
Max absolute difference: 0.377197
Max relative error: 3.352865%
Block 2 stats:
Value range: 102.287109 to 196.825195
Max absolute difference: 2.743164
Max relative error: 2.287109%
Testing constant value block:
Index 0: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 1: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 2: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 3: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 4: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 5: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 6: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 7: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 8: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 9: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 10: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 11: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 12: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 13: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 14: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 15: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 16: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 17: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 18: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 19: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 20: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 21: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 22: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 23: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 24: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 25: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 26: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 27: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 28: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 29: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 30: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Index 31: Expected=10.000000 Got=9.999390 Diff=0.000610
Maximum relative error: 0.006104%
Testing single block precision:
Index 0: Set=0.312500 Got=0.312481 RelError=0.000061
Index 1: Set=0.625000 Got=0.624962 RelError=0.000061
Index 2: Set=0.937500 Got=0.937443 RelError=0.000061
Index 3: Set=1.250000 Got=1.249924 RelError=0.000061
Index 4: Set=1.562500 Got=1.562889 RelError=0.000249
Index 5: Set=1.875000 Got=1.874886 RelError=0.000061
Index 6: Set=2.187500 Got=2.187851 RelError=0.000160
Index 7: Set=2.500000 Got=2.499847 RelError=0.000061
Index 8: Set=2.812500 Got=2.811844 RelError=0.000233
Index 9: Set=3.125000 Got=3.125778 RelError=0.000249
Index 10: Set=3.437500 Got=3.437775 RelError=0.000080
Index 11: Set=3.750000 Got=3.749771 RelError=0.000061
Index 12: Set=4.062500 Got=4.061768 RelError=0.000180
Index 13: Set=4.375000 Got=4.375702 RelError=0.000160
Index 14: Set=4.687500 Got=4.685760 RelError=0.000371
Index 15: Set=5.000000 Got=4.999695 RelError=0.000061
Index 16: Set=5.312500 Got=5.313629 RelError=0.000213
Index 17: Set=5.625000 Got=5.623688 RelError=0.000233
Index 18: Set=5.937500 Got=5.937622 RelError=0.000021
Index 19: Set=6.250000 Got=6.251556 RelError=0.000249
Index 20: Set=6.562500 Got=6.561615 RelError=0.000135
Index 21: Set=6.875000 Got=6.875549 RelError=0.000080
Index 22: Set=7.187500 Got=7.185608 RelError=0.000263
Index 23: Set=7.500000 Got=7.499542 RelError=0.000061
Index 24: Set=7.812500 Got=7.813477 RelError=0.000125
Index 25: Set=8.125000 Got=8.123535 RelError=0.000180
Index 26: Set=8.437500 Got=8.441345 RelError=0.000456
Index 27: Set=8.750000 Got=8.751404 RelError=0.000160
Index 28: Set=9.062500 Got=9.061462 RelError=0.000114
Index 29: Set=9.375000 Got=9.371521 RelError=0.000371
Index 30: Set=9.687500 Got=9.689331 RelError=0.000189
Index 31: Set=10.000000 Got=9.999390 RelError=0.000061
Testing zero crossing behavior:
Range 0:
Value: -0.001000 -> Retrieved: -0.000999
Value: -0.000100 -> Retrieved: -0.000102
Value: 0.000000 -> Retrieved: 0.000000
Value: 0.000100 -> Retrieved: 0.000102
Value: 0.001000 -> Retrieved: 0.000999
Range 1:
Value: -0.100000 -> Retrieved: -0.099982
Value: -0.050000 -> Retrieved: -0.050385
Value: 0.000000 -> Retrieved: 0.000000
Value: 0.050000 -> Retrieved: 0.050385
Value: 0.100000 -> Retrieved: 0.099982
Range 2:
Value: -1.000000 -> Retrieved: -0.999939
Value: -0.500000 -> Retrieved: -0.503906
Value: 0.000000 -> Retrieved: 0.000000
Value: 0.500000 -> Retrieved: 0.503906
Value: 1.000000 -> Retrieved: 0.999939
Debug info:
Number of elements: 32
Block size: 32
Bytes per block: 34
Number of blocks: 1
Data size: 34
Header size: 24
Total size with header: 58
Debug info:
Number of elements: 32
Block size: 32
Bytes per block: 34
Number of blocks: 1
Data size: 34
Header size: 24
Total size with header: 58
Test: class uk.ac.manchester.tornado.unittests.tensors.TestTensorQ8
Running test: testBasicQuantization ................ [PASS]
Running test: testTensorQ8SetAndGetFloat ................ [PASS]
Running test: testTensorQ8SetAndGetFloatVerify ................ [PASS]
Running test: testMixedScaleValues ................ [PASS]
Running test: testQuantizationRange ................ [PASS]
Running test: testInt8Range ................ [PASS]
Running test: testIndependentBlocks ................ [PASS]
Running test: testConstantBlock ................ [PASS]
Running test: testSingleBlockPrecision ................ [PASS]
Running test: testNonAlignedBlockSize ................ [PASS]
Running test: testZeroCrossing ................ [PASS]
Running test: testRepeatedUpdates ................ [PASS]
Running test: testAlternatingPatterns ................ [PASS]
I suggest moving this PR as a draft PR until the full JIT mode is working.