Add validation for decimal values at runtime

[gabilang]

Purpose

$title

Fixes #33805

Approach

Determine MIN and MAX values for Ballerina decimal values per IEEE 754 Decimal encoding spec.

Samples

Remarks

Check List

• [x] Read the Contributing Guide
• [ ] Updated Change Log
• [ ] Checked Tooling Support (#<Issue Number>)
• [ ] Added necessary tests
  • [x] Unit Tests
  • [ ] Spec Conformance Tests
  • [ ] Integration Tests
  • [ ] Ballerina By Example Tests
• [ ] Increased Test Coverage
• [ ] Added necessary documentation
  • [ ] API documentation
  • [ ] Module documentation in Module.md files
  • [ ] Ballerina By Examples

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Base: 79.24% // Head: 76.64% // Decreases project coverage by -2.60% :warning:

Coverage data is based on head (a45c915) compared to base (3fa663b). Patch coverage: 93.75% of modified lines in pull request are covered.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master   #38057      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     79.24%   76.64%   -2.61%     
+ Complexity    72657    53050   -19607     
============================================
  Files          3370     3354      -16     
  Lines        257898   199171   -58727     
  Branches      45862    25839   -20023     
============================================
- Hits         204376   152648   -51728     
+ Misses        44504    37851    -6653     
+ Partials       9018     8672     -346     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...allerina/runtime/internal/values/DecimalValue.java	61.53% <92.30%> (+1.97%)	:arrow_up:
...lerina/runtime/api/constants/RuntimeConstants.java	94.73% <100.00%> (-1.82%)	:arrow_down:
...untime/internal/util/exceptions/RuntimeErrors.java	99.09% <100.00%> (+1.61%)	:arrow_up:
...a/compiler/api/impl/BallerinaKeywordsProvider.java	0.00% <0.00%> (-66.67%)	:arrow_down:
.../compiler/diagnostic/CompilerBadSadDiagnostic.java	0.00% <0.00%> (-62.50%)	:arrow_down:
...tensions/ballerina/document/visitor/FindNodes.java	0.00% <0.00%> (-61.12%)	:arrow_down:
...rinalang/langserver/hover/HoverObjectResolver.java	27.93% <0.00%> (-60.68%)	:arrow_down:
...llerinalang/debugadapter/variable/types/BByte.java	0.00% <0.00%> (-55.56%)	:arrow_down:
...testerina/natives/mock/GenericMockObjectValue.java	8.75% <0.00%> (-51.25%)	:arrow_down:
...alang/compiler/tree/types/BLangFiniteTypeNode.java	45.83% <0.00%> (-50.01%)	:arrow_down:
... and 965 more

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[KavinduZoysa]

@gabilang, does this PR cover underflows?

[gabilang]

@gabilang, does this PR cover underflows?

No, Created a separate issue to address the subnormal cases. https://github.com/ballerina-platform/ballerina-lang/issues/38082

[KavinduZoysa]

Shall we add a test https://github.com/ballerina-platform/ballerina-lang/issues/33805#issuecomment-983276303