Bump minimum OTP version to 26, Elixir to 1.17

[pguyot]

Simplify tests and remove support for opcodes that are not emitted by OTP26+, significantly reducing the virtual machine size.

Update build-and-test.yaml workflow matrix with 37 jobs:

• every compiler
• latest three OTP versions with default compiler versions
• arm64 with and without JIT
• armv6m with and without JIT
• i386
• s390x
• x86-64 with JIT
• stacktraces disabled
• Two previous Elixir versions (1.17 and 1.18) with latest OTP
• OTP master and Elixir main
• -Os optimization on x86-64

These changes are made under both the "Apache 2.0" and the "GNU Lesser General Public License 2.1 or later" license terms (dual license).

SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR LGPL-2.1-or-later