Add retries for 5xx errors on `astro deploy`

[neel-astro]

When deploying images to the registry, sometimes there are 5xx errors returned from the registry for various reasons which are mostly intermittent, Astro CLI should look to retry with a small delay on such errors.

Look into whether such retries must be configurable, enabled, or disabled by default when working on the issue.

Also check out if the error could be captured and if we could return a meaningful error instead of exit code 1, in our retry messages

Slack conversation: https://astronomer.slack.com/archives/CL44PA4DB/p1726738192456099