godownloader refactor for allow using a GH Token, other improvements

[seanmuth]

Description

• If TAG == LATEST_VERSION assume that's correct and skip the API call entirely
• Allow passing a GitHub Token with -t to make Authenticated calls to the GH API with a much higher rate limit
• Capture and parse the http status code in the github_release() method to properly log the status/message
• I also removed the conditional call to releases/latest since we never make a call to github_release() without supplying a tag/version so that condition is never met.

🧪 Functional Testing

❯ cat godownloader.sh| sudo bash -s -- -d v1.27.0
astronomer/astro-cli info checking GitHub for tag 'v1.27.0'
astronomer/astro-cli info HTTP Status Code 403: {"message":"API rate limit exceeded for <IP redacted>. (But here's the good news: Authenticated requests get a higher rate limit. Check out the documentation for more details.)","documentation_url":"https://docs.github.com/rest/overview/resources-in-the-rest-api#rate-limiting"}
astronomer/astro-cli crit unable to find 'v1.27.0' - see https://github.com/astronomer/astro-cli/releases for details

❯ cat godownloader.sh| sudo bash -s -- -d -t <redacted_token> v1.27.0
astronomer/astro-cli info checking GitHub for tag 'v1.27.0'
astronomer/astro-cli debug HTTP Status Code 200
astronomer/astro-cli info found version: 1.27.0 for v1.27.0/darwin/arm64
astronomer/astro-cli debug downloading files into /var/folders/zz/zyxvpxvq6csfxvn_n0000000000000/T/tmp.4xXlmreS
astronomer/astro-cli debug http_download https://github.com/astronomer/astro-cli/releases/download/v1.27.0/astro_1.27.0_darwin_arm64.tar.gz
astronomer/astro-cli debug http_download https://github.com/astronomer/astro-cli/releases/download/v1.27.0/astro_1.27.0_checksums.txt
astronomer/astro-cli info installed ./bin/astro

❯ cat godownloader.sh| sudo bash -s -- -d -t <redacted_token> v1.27.1
astronomer/astro-cli info Using Latest(v1.27.1) version
astronomer/astro-cli info found version: 1.27.1 for v1.27.1/darwin/arm64
astronomer/astro-cli debug downloading files into /var/folders/zz/zyxvpxvq6csfxvn_n0000000000000/T/tmp.LNNZC7Uy
astronomer/astro-cli debug http_download https://github.com/astronomer/astro-cli/releases/download/v1.27.1/astro_1.27.1_darwin_arm64.tar.gz
astronomer/astro-cli debug http_download https://github.com/astronomer/astro-cli/releases/download/v1.27.1/astro_1.27.1_checksums.txt
astronomer/astro-cli info installed ./bin/astro

❯ cat godownloader.sh| sudo bash -s -- -d -t <redacted_token> v1.26.0
astronomer/astro-cli info checking GitHub for tag 'v1.26.0'
astronomer/astro-cli debug HTTP Status Code 200
astronomer/astro-cli info found version: 1.26.0 for v1.26.0/darwin/arm64
astronomer/astro-cli debug downloading files into /var/folders/zz/zyxvpxvq6csfxvn_n0000000000000/T/tmp.rMrLeSVx
astronomer/astro-cli debug http_download https://github.com/astronomer/astro-cli/releases/download/v1.26.0/astro_1.26.0_darwin_arm64.tar.gz
astronomer/astro-cli debug http_download https://github.com/astronomer/astro-cli/releases/download/v1.26.0/astro_1.26.0_checksums.txt
astronomer/astro-cli info installed ./bin/astro

📋 Checklist

I didn't both setting up a local astro env to test against because this is only a change the the downloader script, not actually changes to the CLI code. If I still need to do this, LMK and I'll get my env setup for it.

But because this script is what's returned from curl -sSL install.astronomer.io and in all of our CLI install docs, this should be reviewed closely!

• [x] Rebased from the main (or release if patching) branch (before testing)
• [ ] Ran make test before taking out of draft
• [ ] Ran make lint before taking out of draft
• [ ] Added/updated applicable tests
• [ ] Tested against Astro-API (if necessary).
• [ ] Tested against Houston-API and Astronomer (if necessary).
• [ ] Communicated to/tagged owners of respective clients potentially impacted by these changes.
• [ ] Updated any related documentation

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 86.35%. Comparing base (1162f34) to head (8216e88). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1673   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   86.35%   86.35%           
=======================================
  Files         116      116           
  Lines       16977    16977           
=======================================
  Hits        14660    14660           
  Misses       1394     1394           
  Partials      923      923           

:umbrella: View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
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[seanmuth]

Discussed this with @ashb a bit, gonna remove the -t flag and just check if a GITHUB_TOKEN env var has been set, that way we don't need to pass tokens in the commandline, and if wouldn't require messing with the install.astronomer.io script