feat: introduce more docker tags for uv

[samypr100]

Summary

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/5610

This PR introduces additional images with the uv/uvx binaries from scratch for both amd64/arm64 and make the mapping easy to configure by generating the Dockerfile on the fly. This approach focuses on minimizing CI time by taking advantage of dedicating a worker per mapping (20-30s~ per job).

This PR also fixes org.opencontainers.image.version for all tags (including the one from scratch) to contain the right release version instead of branch name main` (default when no tag patterns are specified).

For example, on release x.y.z, this will publish the following image tags with format ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:{tag} with manifests for both amd64/arm64. This also include x.y tags for each respective additional tag.

• From scratch: latest, x.y.z, x.y (currently being published)
• From alpine:3.20: alpine, alpine3.20, x.y.z-alpine, x.y.z-alpine3.20
• From debian:bookworm-slim: debian-slim, bookworm-slim, x.y.z-debian-slim, x.y.z-bookworm-slim
• From buildpack-deps:bookworm: debian, bookworm, x.y.z-debian, x.y.z-bookworm
• From python:3.12-alpine: python3.12-alpine, x.y.z-python3.12-alpine
• From python:3.11-alpine: python3.11-alpine, x.y.z-python3.11-alpine
• From python:3.10-alpine: python3.10-alpine, x.y.z-python3.10-alpine
• From python:3.9-alpine: python3.9-alpine, x.y.z-python3.9-alpine
• From python:3.8-alpine: python3.8-alpine, x.y.z-python3.8-alpine
• From python:3.12-bookworm: python3.12-bookworm, x.y.z-python3.12-bookworm
• From python:3.11-bookworm: python3.11-bookworm, x.y.z-python3.11-bookworm
• From python:3.10-bookworm: python3.10-bookworm, x.y.z-python3.10-bookworm
• From python:3.9-bookworm: python3.9-bookworm, x.y.z-python3.9-bookworm
• From python:3.8-bookworm: python3.8-bookworm, x.y.z-python3.8-bookworm
• From python:3.12-slim-bookworm: python3.12-slim-bookworm, x.y.z-python3.12-slim-bookworm
• From python:3.11-slim-bookworm: python3.11-slim-bookworm, x.y.z-python3.11-slim-bookworm
• From python:3.10-slim-bookworm: python3.10-slim-bookworm, x.y.z-python3.10-slim-bookworm
• From python:3.9-slim-bookworm: python3.9-slim-bookworm, x.y.z-python3.9-slim-bookworm
• From python:3.8-slim-bookworm: python3.8-slim-bookworm, x.y.z-python3.8-slim-bookworm