Refactor code for annotated type handling

[jeongukjae]

Pull Request Checklist

• [x] ~~Fixes #~~ this PR follows up on #1160
• [x] Tests added
• [x] Documentation/examples added : this is refactoring. no need
• [x] Good commit messages and/or PR title

Description of PR

Currently, we are checking annotated, parameter/artifact, or other types in different ways. In this PR, I added hera._utils.type_util module and unified them into one place. Followings can be expected:

• If there's another metadata along with Parameter or Artifact, they should be ignored. (e.g. Annotated[type, metadata1, metadata2, Parameter(...)], this can be happened when Annotateds are nested)
• Optional parameter handling should be more precise which is added in #1160.

Suggestions on function names/module names are welcome.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.14433% with 23 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 81.9%. Comparing base (d553546) to head (80425c1). Report is 194 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/hera/workflows/io/_io_mixins.py	76.5%	3 Missing and 8 partials :warning:
src/hera/workflows/cron_workflow.py	66.6%	2 Missing and 3 partials :warning:
src/hera/workflows/_meta_mixins.py	63.6%	2 Missing and 2 partials :warning:
src/hera/shared/_type_util.py	96.2%	0 Missing and 2 partials :warning:
src/hera/workflows/script.py	95.6%	0 Missing and 1 partial :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main   #1168     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   81.7%   81.9%   +0.2%     
=======================================
  Files         54      61      +7     
  Lines       4208    4747    +539     
  Branches     889    1013    +124     
=======================================
+ Hits        3439    3889    +450     
- Misses       574     625     +51     
- Partials     195     233     +38     

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[jeongukjae]

Checked all review comments, feel free to check this PR again :)

[sambhav]

@alicederyn can you also review this please.

[jeongukjae]

Thank you all for great reviews! I applied it @elliotgunton @alicederyn

[jeongukjae]

I updated to guard multiple type annotations: Last 5 commits This will raise an error with multiple annotations for input/output annotations, and for pydantic fields as well. Thank you again @elliotgunton !