refactor(go): add priority for gobinary module versions from `ldflags`

[DmitriyLewen]

Description

See https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/issues/6702#issuecomment-2122271427

Related issues

• Close #6702

Related PRs

• [x] #6564
• [x] #6705

Checklist

• [x] I've read the guidelines for contributing to this repository.
• [x] I've followed the conventions in the PR title.
• [x] I've added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works.
• [ ] I've updated the documentation with the relevant information (if needed).
• [ ] I've added usage information (if the PR introduces new options)
• [ ] I've included a "before" and "after" example to the description (if the PR is a user interface change).