Update Trafficserver Alpine image to 9.2.4

[zrhoffman]

Besides updating Traffic Server to 9.2.4, #7994 makes the GHA workflow that builds ghcr.io/apache/trafficcontrol/ci/trafficserver-alpine pass again by

• Reverting changes from #7818, since ${{ github.repository }} does not work in the workflow name
• Use a non-expiring link to the ATS tar.gz
• Get the libexecinfo-dev Alpine package from the 3.16 main repo, since Alpine versions over 3.16 do not include libexecinfo-dev.

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Which Traffic Control components are affected by this PR?

• CDN in a Box for Developers - Apache Traffic Server base for t3c service
• Automation - GitHub Actions

What is the best way to verify this PR?

Check if the tests pass

PR submission checklist

• [x] This PR has tests
• [ ] This PR has documentation
• [ ] This PR has a CHANGELOG.md entry
• [x] This PR DOES NOT FIX A SERIOUS SECURITY VULNERABILITY (see the Apache Software Foundation's security guidelines for details)