[SPARK-54664][CONNECT] Clean up the code related to `listenerCache` from `connect.StreamingQueryManager`

[LuciferYang]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/41752 introduced a listenerCache and related private methods (cacheListenerById, getIdByListener, and removeCachedListener) for connect.StreamingQueryManager. However, in https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/46287, the usage related to listenerCache was replaced by streamingQueryListenerBus. As a result, listenerCache and its associated private methods are no longer in use, and this current pr cleans them up.

Why are the changes needed?

Code cleanup.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No.

How was this patch tested?

Pass Github Actions

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No