PARQUET-2205: Accelerate CI by commonizing thrift build and leveraging cache

[sekikn]

Make sure you have checked all steps below.

Jira

• [x] My PR addresses the following Parquet Jira issues and references them in the PR title. For example, "PARQUET-1234: My Parquet PR"
  • https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PARQUET-2205
  • In case you are adding a dependency, check if the license complies with the ASF 3rd Party License Policy.

Tests

• [x] My PR adds the following unit tests OR does not need testing for this extremely good reason:

This fix changes only CI-related files, so it's enough to make sure that CI jobs are improved.

Commits

• [x] My commits all reference Jira issues in their subject lines. In addition, my commits follow the guidelines from "How to write a good git commit message":
  1. Subject is separated from body by a blank line
  2. Subject is limited to 50 characters (not including Jira issue reference)
  3. Subject does not end with a period
  4. Subject uses the imperative mood ("add", not "adding")
  5. Body wraps at 72 characters
  6. Body explains "what" and "why", not "how"

Documentation

• [x] In case of new functionality, my PR adds documentation that describes how to use it.
  • All the public functions and the classes in the PR contain Javadoc that explain what it does

[sekikn]

CI usually takes over 30 minutes on my GitHub account. With this PR, commonizing thrift build improved the total duration to 28.5 minutes, and if cache exists, the total duration was improved to ~26 minutes.