KAFKA-16617: Add KRaft info for the `advertised.listeners` doc description

[chiacyu]

As titled, this pr add advertised listeners info into current doc, please see KAFKA-16617 for more details. thanks!

Committer Checklist (excluded from commit message)

• [ ] Verify design and implementation
• [ ] Verify test coverage and CI build status
• [ ] Verify documentation (including upgrade notes)