KAFKA-17791 Dockerfile should use `requirements.txt` to ensure dependencies

[m1a2st]

Jira: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-17791

We should use requirements.txt to control python dependencies, it will make easier to control the plugin version

It would work on my local machine

Committer Checklist (excluded from commit message)

• [ ] Verify design and implementation
• [ ] Verify test coverage and CI build status
• [ ] Verify documentation (including upgrade notes)