KAFKA-17415: Avoid overflow of expired timestamp

[frankvicky]

JIRA: KAFKA-17415

Both of zk and kraft modes do not handle the overflow, and hence setting a large max life time will cause a negative expired timestamp and negative max timestamp. That is unexpected behavior.

Committer Checklist (excluded from commit message)

• [ ] Verify design and implementation
• [ ] Verify test coverage and CI build status
• [ ] Verify documentation (including upgrade notes)