KAFKA-17025: Producer throws uncaught exception in the io thread

[loserwang1024]

*More detailed description of your change, As shown in https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-17025, Producer throws uncaught exception in the io-thread, rather than just log then ignore it.

Committer Checklist (excluded from commit message)

• [ ] Verify design and implementation
• [ ] Verify test coverage and CI build status
• [ ] Verify documentation (including upgrade notes)

[loserwang1024]

@gharris1727 , CC, would like to help review this PR?

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