[#3249] improvement(kafka-catalog): clarify error message and shorten timeout

[mchades]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

• Transmit the real reason for the error to the user
• shorten timeout from 60s to 15s
• add thread info to the log
• add default timeout config to the conf file

Why are the changes needed?

Fix: #3249

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

no

How was this patch tested?

test added