[FLINK-38793][table] Reuse result of functions if ther are used multiple times as input for other functions

[snuyanzin]

What is the purpose of the change

It should reuse result of functions as input for other functions

Brief change log

projections rules

Verifying this change

There are tests in CalcTest

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): ( no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (no)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): ( no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 4ff1b02b2a84a786a79a54d33cfc5e02658d0a71 Azure: FAILURE

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