[FLINK-38372][Runtime / Metrics] Introduces whitelist to the flink-metrics-prometheus

[Myracle]

What is the purpose of the change

Allowing users to specify a whitelist of metrics to be exposed through the Prometheus reporter.

Brief change log

• Adding a whiteList configuration option to PrometheusPushGatewayReporterOptions.
• Filtering metrics in AbstractPrometheusReporter based on the configured whitelist.
• Adding a unit test to verify the metric filtering functionality.

Verifying this change

Please make sure both new and modified tests in this PR follow the conventions for tests defined in our code quality guide.

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

(example:)

• Added test testMetricFilter()

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (no)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (docs)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 668a9432e1330f7c86d37d6b3a5df9876f843c99 Azure: FAILURE

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