[FLINK-37560][FLINK-37561][events] Report a bunch of system events and document events reporting system

[pnowojski]

What is the purpose of the change

Report a bunch of system events and document events reporting system

Brief change log

Please check individual commit messages.

Verifying this change

Every commit adds it's own set of tests to verify the change.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (yes / no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes / no)
• The serializers: (yes / no / don't know)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (yes / no / don't know)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (yes / no / don't know)
• The S3 file system connector: (yes / no / don't know)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 858c7e39717d879f97d949752d9e2a2358bc3c61 Azure: SUCCESS

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