[FLINK-36266][table] Insert into as select * behaves incorrect

[snuyanzin]

What is the purpose of the change

The PR fixes behavior for insert into queries with select * like

INSERT INTO t(f0, f1 ,f2) SELECT * FROM t1;

Verifying this change

FlinkCalciteSqlValidatorTest.java

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): ( no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): ( no)
• The serializers: ( no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): ( no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: ( no)
• The S3 file system connector: ( no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? ( no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable )

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 06378c46e2c717da99671a380dee6cb117206b10 Azure: SUCCESS

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[snuyanzin]

@flinkbot run azure

[snuyanzin]

@flinkbot run azure

[snuyanzin]

@flinkbot run azure

[snuyanzin]

@flinkbot run azure

[snuyanzin]

@flinkbot run azure

[jnh5y]

Would it make sense to add a test case to something like TableSinkITCase to validate things end-to-end and also prevent regressions?