[FLINK-34082][core] Remove deprecated methods of Configuration

[1996fanrui]

What is the purpose of the change

• [FLINK-34082][core] Refactor callers that using the public Xxx getXxx(ConfigOption key) and public void setXxx(ConfigOption key, Xxx value)
• [FLINK-34082][core] Remove deprecated methods of Configuration

Brief change log

• [FLINK-34082][core] Refactor callers that using the public Xxx getXxx(ConfigOption key) and public void setXxx(ConfigOption key, Xxx value)
• [FLINK-34082][core] Remove deprecated methods of Configuration

Verifying this change

This change is already covered by existing tests

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): no
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): yes
• The serializers: no
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): no
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: no
• The S3 file system connector: no

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? no

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 33f3047999e983199640960257a4f64aaab33a83 Azure: SUCCESS

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• @flinkbot run azure re-run the last Azure build

[1996fanrui]

Thanks @Sxnan for the review, merging~