[FLINK-35643][doc] Add materialized table statement doc

[hackergin]

What is the purpose of the change

Add doc for materialized table

Brief change log

• Add materialized table statement doc.

Verifying this change

This change is a trivial rework / code cleanup without any test coverage.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (no)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (It's a document pr)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• e4e1a4e2570881008b016e13bfcc9fd95a632323 Azure: SUCCESS

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