[DRAFT][FLINK-34516] Move CheckpointingMode to flink-core

[Zakelly]

Do not merge this for now

What is the purpose of the change

In FLIP-406, we want to merge all options in ExecutionCheckpointingOptions to CheckpointingOptions, which depends on the CheckpointingMode being moved to flink-core as well. This PR introduce a new CheckpointingMode in flink-core, and deprecate the old one as well as corresponding user-facing APIs.

Brief change log

• introduce a new CheckpointingMode in flink-core, providing new APIs.
• deprecate the old CheckpointingMode in flink-streaming-java as well as the APIs.

Verifying this change

This change is already covered by new introduced UTs.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (yes / no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (yes / no)
• The serializers: (yes / no / don't know)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (yes / no / don't know)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (yes / no / don't know)
• The S3 file system connector: (yes / no / don't know)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 45b7d3168890767a55c11c59f0fb5f3ae6b0eed2 UNKNOWN
• 2e1eb71004bd348ee49c21fd63dc97a25f7c3587 Azure: SUCCESS

Bot commands

The @flinkbot bot supports the following commands:

• @flinkbot run azure re-run the last Azure build

[Zakelly]

@flinkbot run azure

[Zakelly]

@masteryhx I have transformed to the new CheckpointMode everywhere, and rebased master. Would you please take a look?

[Zakelly]

Rebased for conflicts....

[Zakelly]

@flinkbot run azure

[Zakelly]

@flinkbot run azure

[masteryhx]

merged 8fac8046...77945916 into master