[FLINK-26939][Table SQL/API] Add TRANSLATE supported in SQL & Table API

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What is the purpose of the change

Add translate(expr, from, to) SQL function. Examples:

> SELECT translate('AaBbCc', 'abc', '123');
 A1B2C3
> SELECT translate('AaBbCc', 'abc', '1');
 A1BC
> SELECT translate('AaBbCc', 'abc', '');
 ABC 

Brief change log

• Add translate method to SqlFunctionUtils.java
• Add related expression, convert rule, and code gen.

Verifying this change

This change is already covered by existing tests, such as ScalarFunctionsTest#testTranslate.

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (no)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (docs)

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CI report:

• 623ef1791ef16a72ec1a69f2df638190300985e0 Azure: FAILURE

Bot commands

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@snuyanzin Could you please help to review this PR in your free time? Thanks.