[FLINK-36461] Fix schema evolution failure with un-transformed tables

[yuxiqian]

This closes FLINK-36461.

Currently, such transform configuration will fail for any schema change events from tables except foo.bar.baz:

transform:
  - source-table: foo.bar.baz
    projection: \*

The exception message is as follows:

java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: -1
at java.util.ArrayList.elementData(ArrayList.java:424)
at java.util.ArrayList.get(ArrayList.java:437)
at org.apache.flink.cdc.common.utils.SchemaUtils.lambda$transformSchemaChangeEvent$11(SchemaUtils.java:371)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:193)
at java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1384)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:482)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:472)
at java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:708)
at java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
at java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:566)
at org.apache.flink.cdc.common.utils.SchemaUtils.transformSchemaChangeEvent(SchemaUtils.java:386)
at org.apache.flink.cdc.runtime.operators.transform.PreTransformOperator.cacheChangeSchema(PreTransformOperator.java:272)
at org.apache.flink.cdc.runtime.operators.transform.PreTransformOperator.processElement(PreTransformOperator.java:248)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.CopyingChainingOutput.pushToOperator(CopyingChainingOutput.java:75)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.CopyingChainingOutput.collect(CopyingChainingOutput.java:50)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.CopyingChainingOutput.collect(CopyingChainingOutput.java:29)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.SourceOperatorStreamTask$AsyncDataOutputToOutput.emitRecord(SourceOperatorStreamTask.java:310)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.source.SourceOutputWithWatermarks.collect(SourceOutputWithWatermarks.java:110)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.source.SourceOutputWithWatermarks.collect(SourceOutputWithWatermarks.java:101)
at org.apache.flink.api.connector.source.lib.util.IteratorSourceReaderBase.pollNext(IteratorSourceReaderBase.java:103)
at org.apache.flink.cdc.connectors.values.source.ValuesDataSource$EventIteratorReader.pollNext(ValuesDataSource.java:294)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.SourceOperator.pollNext(SourceOperator.java:779)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.SourceOperator.emitNext(SourceOperator.java:457)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.io.StreamTaskSourceInput.emitNext(StreamTaskSourceInput.java:70)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.io.StreamOneInputProcessor.processInput(StreamOneInputProcessor.java:68)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.processInput(StreamTask.java:616)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.mailbox.MailboxProcessor.runMailboxLoop(MailboxProcessor.java:231)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.runMailboxLoop(StreamTask.java:1071)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.invoke(StreamTask.java:1020)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.runWithSystemExitMonitoring(Task.java:959)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.restoreAndInvoke(Task.java:938)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.doRun(Task.java:751)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.run(Task.java:567)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:879)}}

This could be fixed by always passing latest schema as the "referenced column names" if an asterisk was used in projection expressions.