[FLINK-35072][cdc][doris] Support applying compatible `AlterColumnTypeEvent` to Doris sink
According to Doris documentation, altering column types dynamically is supported (via ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY COLUMN statement) when lossless conversion is available. However, now Doris pipeline connector has no support for any AlterColumnTypeEvents, and raises RuntimeException all the time.
This PR adds alterColumn method which is not provided by Doris' SchemaChangeManager to apply AlterColumnTypeEvent to Doris sink. Only lossless conversions that were accepted by Doris will be allowed, and a RuntimeException will be raised for any incompatible narrowing casts.
I'm not familiar with Doris, could @lvyanquan @JNSimba please take a look?
Since @qg-lin is implementing this change in upstream doris-flink-connector, I'll mark this as draft for now.
Since it has been implemented in https://github.com/apache/doris-flink-connector/pull/408, I'll close it for now and bump dependency version to address this after Doris Flink connector 1.6.2 released.