[ISSUE #5105] Fix the retry mechanism of the HttpSinkConnector

[cnzakii]

Fixes #5105

Motivation

Due to the lack of communication between the retry callback and the response callback mechanism, the result after a retry failure is not handled correctly.

Modifications

Move all data processing originally performed in the retry callback to the response callback handling of Vert.x.

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)
• If a feature is not applicable for documentation, explain why?
• If a feature is not documented yet in this PR, please create a followup issue for adding the documentation