tests: adds tests associated with #9237

[tshauck]

Which issue does this PR close?

Closes #9237

Rationale for this change

Took this open ticket which was to update the tests around the parquet partition writing feature... https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/issues/9237#issuecomment-1951850821

What changes are included in this PR?

Test updates

Are these changes tested?

The changes are tests :)

Are there any user-facing changes?

No