Replace usages of internal_err with exec_err where appropriate

[Omega359]

Which issue does this PR close?

Closes #9164

Rationale for this change

Code cleanup.

What changes are included in this PR?

Only internal_err! for incorrect arg count or data type was migrated to exec_err, all other cases were left alone.

Are these changes tested?

Yes,

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.